Gobalisation and Corporate Social Responsibility Essay

Gobalisation and Corporate Social Responsibility - Essay Example study will concentrate on the case of a Japanese organization, Toyota Motors Corporation, which has gradually gone up in the positioning of productive car fabricating organizations. As indicated by a few ongoing news reports, it has assumed control over General Motors Corporation as the main organization as far as deals in the greatest car showcase on the planet: the United States of America. The theoretical is a 150-word (or less) outline of the key purposes of the examination paper and will advise the intrigued peruser what the exploration paper is about, how the scientist accumulated and dissected data, and what ends were defined. The Introduction contains a concise foundation of the significant points that would be explored and talked about in the examination paper. This additionally contains the exploration targets of the paper, how the examination would be done (research techniques), and how the information accumulated would be broke down (strategies for information investigation). This bit would likewise spread out the key wordings that would should be characterized in the paper, for example, globalization, corporate social obligation, and creation chains. For reasons for this fundamental proposition, the exploration target would be as per the following: â€Å"To survey and dissect the corporate social obligation standards and practices of Toyota Motors Corporation (TMC) over its globalized creation chain.† For the examination study, the essential technique for information gathering is using auxiliary sources which are broke down under the direction of the exploration objective. Optional sources are distributed materials originating from the organization concerned (Toyota Motors) or from other outsider sources, for example, diaries, industry, scholastic, government or semi-government reports, and papers. The Internet would likewise be useful in get-together auxiliary source information. These optional sources contain significant data on the points being considered, which are the globalization procedure, the creation chain,

The effect of visual obstructions on the sexual behaviour of guppies Essay

The impact of visual hindrances on the sexual conduct of guppies - Essay Example In this way, so as to increase a superior comprehension of the advancement of explicit, expound auxiliary sexual attributes, it is critical to contemplate the natural elements and social systems that may impact the result of sexual choice. These progressions may in this way influence the developmental result of sexual determination. This paper sums up the distributed article by Hibler and Houde entitled â€Å"The impact of visual obstacles on the sexual conduct of guppies: the significance of privacy†. The examination group analyzed the impact of natural surroundings structure on the sexual conduct of male and female guppies, Poecilia reticulata. The group tried whether the capacity of guys to watch the romance exercises of different guys influences the recurrence of romance obstruction by male guppies, and whether this thus influences the sexual conduct of virgin females cooperating with these guys. They tried these expectations by controlling the structure of guppy territories in the research facility utilizing hazy boundaries and watching the impact of such visual hindrances on male romance and obstruction conduct, just as on female sexual responsiveness to male shows in exploratory gatherings of guppies. The aftereffects of the examinations were scored and the impedance practices as either ‘fend-offs’ or ‘chases’. Information for male gatherings that were tried with both virgin and non-virgin females were examined utilizing ANOVA to decide the impact of both treatment and conceptive status (virgin versus non-virgin) on male presentation and obstruction practices with male gathering as a blocking factor. For preliminaries including non-virgin females, ANOVAs containing a request impact were likewise completed for pursues, battle offs and shows. The aftereffects of this examination bolster the first expectations made by the investigation bunch that visual impediments diminish male obstruction conduct and increment female responsiveness

Step-by-Step Process for Identity Theft Recovery

Step-by-Step Process for Identity Theft Recovery You are at risk of identity theft if you have lost your wallet, if you or someone else has misplaced important documents with your personal data, if your email or online account has been hacked.Identity theft may affect you in various ways from getting a nasty status on your social media to heavy financial consequences for you and/or your friends and relatives.According to Javelin in 2018 there have been 16.7 million victims of identity fraud in the USA alone, resulting in a total loss of $16.8 billion for the consumers.As can be said for most risks for your wellbeing, the best measure you can take to fight identity theft is prevention.This article goes through the possible emotional, institutional and financial results of identity theft. Read on to learn how to prevent it or to mitigate its consequences so you can continue on with your life.Step 0. IDENTITY THEFT PREVENTIONOnce identity theft has occurred, you are likely to suffer some financial consequences. You need to make sure you take all preventative measures to avoid it from happening in the first place.Strong passwordsDid you know the word ‘Password’ was among the five most popular passwords of 2014? Thankfully, since then most software and online platforms have been banned from accepting weak passwords.A sequence of numbers only, a readable word, your birth date are all very bad ideas.Why do you need to use characters, capital letters and numbers in your password and make it at least 15 symbols long?Because there is software which has the only purpose to test your account with every single password out there, starting from the word ‘password’, and continuing through all simple combinations.Making your password longer and more complex assures that software will take unreasonably long time and resource and makes breaking in your accounts not worth it.Multi factor authenticationAnother trend in recent years from software providers is to offer two-factor authentication. With some, it is advisory, with some it is required.Our advice â€" always look for two factor authentication option. In fact, if the software you are using is not offering TFA, avoid using it, if you can find an alternative.Why use two-factor authentication? Well, it often happens that identity theft happens in the domino effect. Once a fraudster gets access to your email, they immediately can take over your social media, your online banking and your other accounts, via the ‘forgotten password’ functionality.That is, unless you use two factor authentication. It will be a little more difficult to gain access to your email account AND your smartphone, let alone your fingerprint.Go for as many protection levels as you can.Secure your devicesWhen you think of security you are probably mostly thinking about your laptop or desktop computer and you more rarely think about your smartphone or tablet.With people using smart devices more and more often to log into social media, for online purchasing and online bank ing, as well as for two factor authentication, you need to make sure you are using as many safeguards as possible.Install multiple locks, use complex patterns, passwords and fingerprints whenever possible.  Encrypt your data if your device allows it. Avoid using public Wi-Fi, especially from questionable sources.Sign up for account alerts everywhereMake it a habit to be careful about suspicious activities. Your bank, your browser and your social media will have mechanisms to detect patterns of questionable behavior of your account.Whenever they ask you if you are interested they get in touch to make sure you approve of a certain activity, take it. Via a phone call, a text, or an email, whatever they offer. Better safe than sorry.If you provider does not offer such alerts, check the logs for yourself. Look for suspicious patterns, unknown counteragents, physical addresses, IP addresses.Freeze accounts you are not usingIn some countries you can freeze your credit so no one can apply for funds on your name. It is always a good idea to explore this option, especially if you have been notified by any of your providers your personal data has been involved in a data breach.This is not only applicable to your financial credit status. Most of us have their credit card information saved with a provider they no longer do purchases with. Weather it is a popular e-commerce place, a smart phone application store, or your local pizzeria, if you are not ordering, remove your credit card info.Avoid popular fraud techniquesNever give your credit card information over the phone, especially if it was not you who made the call. You have an outstanding bill? Your service will be cancelled? If you receive such a call, politely decline to give your information over the phone.Get out of the phone call, check for yourself, then, if you have to, doublecheck the official phone number of the company and call yourself.Avoid phishing. Whenever you receive an email that you need to update y our password, never click on the link to get to the site. It could be forged. Make it a habit, if you see such a letter, to log into your account separately â€" surely you have other access to your login URL?You have bookmarked it or written it down. Check if you have any issues in your backend. Make a call if you have to. If the email proves to be false, report it.Step 1. QUELL THE FIREWhenever you find a fire burning, the first thing to do is sound the alarm.First signsYour first contact should be to the company where you have noticed the damage is being done. Let’s say your Facebook account has been hacked and you are seeing foreign activity occurring on your behalf, messages are being sent to your friends, pages open on your name etc. Contact facebook first.If you are not recognizing activity from your bank account, contact your bank.If it is possible, try to talk to the fraud department directly. You want to avoid to be given the runaround, to ‘try and make sure’ fraud is occurring. The specialists will recognize the signs right away.Try and identify how the unauthorized access turned out to be successful. Did someone learn about your password? Was it a brute-force attack? Did someone hack into your email and change your password? Did someone get into your phone?Look for replaced contact information.Revise accessIf you cannot recognize what is causing the issue, change:all your passwords,safety questions,the phone number and email, associated with the account,your PINredo your fingerprint settingsLearn about your national anti-fraud databaseIf you are located in the USA, you can contact a credit bureau to place a free 90-day credit report freeze. Before anyone applies for credit on your name, your credit report will pop up, with the fraud alert on it. Not only does freezing the report prevent anyone from creating new accounts on your name, it may ultimately help solve the crime altogether.You can contact ANY of the three credit bureaus: Experian, Tr ansUnion or Equifax. When they are contacted about a fraud alert, they are obliged to forward the information to the other two. Just watch for that confirmation letter. If anyone tries to open a new account on your name, businesses will be forced to make a very thorough identity identification and you will be contacted.The greatest risk for your financial wellbeing is in the first month after the identity theft has occurred. Make sure you obtain your credit report and check your financial score. Since the freeze only takes place for 3 months, it is a good idea to make a habit of regularly reviewing your report and making note of any unrecognized transaction.In the UK, there is a fraud prevention service, called CIFAS. It operates a database, referred to by most financial institutions and business in the country â€" telecommunications, insurance and others.If you have become a victim of identity theft, you need to report to your bank or any other member of CIFAS. They will report the crime to the police and enter the information in the database. If anyone tries to open an account in your name the Database will give information for the prior infraction.In the Netherlands, applicants for financial aid, and, in fact, many other financial transactions, have to have their identity verified against the WID, which involves referring to a database of lost and stolen documents.In France, all applicants for bank account must provide a photo ID and proof of their residential address.In Belgium, the national identity card bears an electronic signature, and bank account application can only happen via the chip in the card â€" face to face, or remotely, the applicant must submit an electronic proof of their identity and address of residence.Learn the procedure in your country and make sure you, via your financial institution of choice, enter information about your identity theft in the national database.Report to the policeIn most other cases contacting the police will have absolute priority. Contacting your financial institution before the police, only takes that priority because of its preventative nature. In most cases, defrauders will be in a hurry to reap the benefits of their new identity.However, contacting the police is still a very important step. In fact, it is your ultimate proof a crime has been committed against you, and therefore you must take it seriously.Make sure you create a thorough account of the accident for the authorities. Report the issue immediately, and then offer the police to provide additional evidence.Get your timeline straight.What made you suspicious in the first place?When did you know for sure?What proof do you have?Make a list of your financial accounts you believe are at risk.Make a list of the financial and non-financial institutions you informed.Make a list of the preventative measures you had taken to secure your identity.Make a list of all measures you have taken after you have discovered the breach.After you hav e submitted your full police report take a copy and any proof of it being filed in. A number, a note, a document. You will need your receipt for future fraud recovery procedures.Step 2. DEAL WITH THE DAMAGESOnce you have taken all emergency measures it is time for recovery. Take a deep breath, you will be dealing with this for a whileClose accountsYou have entered the database for fraud alert and reported the identity theft to the police. Ask and try and find proof yourself of the accounts that were opened in your name.Give priority to financial institutions. Don’t shy away from any sort of precautions. If you feel your free credit report is not giving you enough information, it did not get to you in time, or you did not manage to get your hands on one, just call most financial institutions you can think about and ask them if they have accounts on your name.More often than not, institutions will not have the right to decline you that information.If you are being given the runaroun d, put your police report into force. Provide copies and ask for cooperation.For all bank accounts that you do find, make sure:You are not liable for the accountAll fraudulent activities are recognized as such and no legitimate activities you might have with the same institution are recognized as validNone of the received funds are left at your creditNone of the financial consequences of creating the fake accounts can affect your credit rating currently or in the future.All of those confirmations you must have in written form.It is not only your financial accounts that are at risk. Make sure you contact telecommunication companies, providers of health insurance, including medical insurance, and social media.Check your online accounts for new pages, websites or other similar digital accounts opened in your name. Close any accounts you do not recognize.Keep track of all affirmative and negative responses of the question: ‘Do I have any account open on my name?’Correct accountsFoll ow the same procedure of all accounts you do use. Make sure all contact information is correct â€" the physical residential address, the phone number, the email address.Make sure no alternatives are added. Something as simple as an added alternative email address will leave the fraudster an open door to hack your account all over again â€" they just need to declare they no longer have access to the primary email and request a ‘lost password’ URL.And if you have been so careless as to leave your account without two factor authentication, it is a perfect storm. And you are asking for it.Refuse debt associationDebt can be bought and sold and resold and re-resold. Your fraudulent debt might end up in the hands of debt collectors that are not completely educated on how to handle it.Worse, they might be ill-intended. As it often happens, dept collectors often insist on collecting non-legitimate dept for example debt for medical expenses, the rights for which have expired.You are at ri sk of being asked for debt collection any time the collective debt changes hands. Make sure you keep your police reports and proof long-term to avoid unpleasant phone calls with insistent agents.Replace your IDIf a photo ID of yours has been used to perform the fraudulent actions, make sure you replace said ID.Replacing your ID card will ultimately give you some peace of mind you are relatively safe from future consequencesPrevent criminal chargesMake sure you are completely freed of all criminal charges. Find the right time to ask the police about their opinion. If you sense the slightest hint they could believe you are behind the entire financial or insurance fraud strategy, hire a lawyer.If the fraudster has been caught, arrested and/or convicted, ask the authorities for copy of the official documents stating their involvement in your case. You might need this in the future.Take care of your mental healthBecoming the victim of identity theft is usually perceived to ‘come out of nowhere’ and then has long term consequences for those affected.One day you are living your life, the next day you are being defrauded of your personality, your money, and your basic rights. You are forced to spend time and money to prove you are indeed yourself to the same authorities who issued your ID in the first place.You find yourself digging in old papers for your birth certificate, tracking registers of financial institutions, drinking coffee behind your computer screen, endlessly checking all sorts of online accounts for any pattern that might tell you it has been compromised.For the longest time afterwards you are experiencing paranoia, getting close to a panic attack any time you hear your phone beeping: ‘Is it a debt collector?’, ‘Is it an unauthorized access alert?’, ‘Is it the police?’, ‘How much more time and money should I spend?’.You are catching yourself lecturing your friends they are being too careless with their security. You feel like you are losing your mind.It is not just in your head. You are have become the victim of a crime, and you are at long term risk of financial and legal consequences. Do not hesitate to ask for help. You need to restore normality.THE SCOPEBecoming the victim of identity theft is indeed hard on your wallet, your calendar and your soul.It is important to remember that you are not alone. You owe yourself and all other victims worldwide to fight back and report diligently.According to a report of IdentityForce, about 1 in 15 people from the worldwide population of consumers has become a victim of identity theft,  only in 2017. It is an increase of the previous 2016 with one million people.Children are particularly at risk because of their easy access to online services and lack of foresight for the consequences of oversharing information. Over 1 million children have become the victim of identity theft in 2017 in the US alone, costing their parents more the 500 million dollars of consequences.Ev ery 2 seconds another person is victimized by identity theft. It is the most common result of data breaches more than 30% of those affected later ended up reporting ID theft.In most cases, it takes up to 3 months for the victims to realize the crime has occurred, but for as many as 16% of the occurred ID theft has not been discovered before the 3rd year of the offence.CONCLUSIONIdentity theft is becoming more common by the day. The main reason is becoming progressively more invested in our digital lives â€" online shopping, online banking, using online government.The classic methods are difficult to carry out and benefit from â€" mail theft, impersonation and getting personal information from the source, document theft, wallet theft, purse theft or the so-called shoulder surfing.Most of those no longer lead to significant consequences for various reasons including your data is being protected in many modern ways (such as two factor authentication).However, it looks like we are enjo ying our digital freedom more than we care to secure our access to the various services the online world provides us.And it is not just the users. Security technologies, guidelines, codes of conduct and, most importantly, laws are more often than not applicable to the world wide web.Governments and authorities are finding it difficult to keep up with the digital criminals Before they can study, categorize, ban or control such techniques as social engineering, key logging, spoofing, phishing, pharming or phreaking, allowing crimes to happen before users could even recognize the threat.The only possible solution at this point is to try and stay on top of your game. Be curious, be educated, and know the large threat is worth your time. Leave those notifications on, use your strong passwords, and keep your eyes open.

Essay about Scotch-Irish Cultural History - 751 Words

1. The Scotch-Irish were staunch libertarians, and acted upon their feelings. Sex ways and dress ways had close ties to each other in the backcountry. To talk about sex and sexual behavior was also acceptable in this culture. The dress women and men wore was meant to arouse the opposite sex. Anglican missionary Charles Woodmason wrote, â€Å"They draw their shift as tight as possible round their Breasts, and slender waists (for they are generally very finely shaped) and draw their Petticoat close t their Hips to show the fineness of their limbs– †¦ –indeed nakedness is not censurable without ceremony.† Woodmason was appalled at how these women carried themselves, but to the women, they were sexy. Men even dressed in ways to show off†¦show more content†¦In contrast to boys, girls were taught to be self-denying, and to be helpers to men. Corporal Punishment of children was even condemned even though practiced in the home. Even though there we re many questions to be asked before some could marry, Quakers did believe in love before marriage. They believed that love should be â€Å"pure† and not tainted by the craving of flesh. To marry, couples needed permission from their families and community. Unlike in Virginia, Quakers forbade first cousin marriages, and discouraged marriages between second cousins. In Quaker households, it was more of a partnership between the husband and wife than in those of Massachusetts and Virginia. In the Delaware Valley children spoke of their â€Å"father and mother’s house.† The Quakers had a saying: â€Å"In souls there is no sex.† This meant in their culture, men and women were equal. Unlike Puritan culture, women could preach to men and women, and in a public setting. That same quote went for sexual relations in marriages. Sex in Quaker culture was looked upon as just for the purpose of conception of children. To do otherwise was looked at as fornication. To have sex just for pleasure was also fornication. Even married couples would restrain from having sex with each other if the woman was not in time to get pregnant. Married couple also occupied not only single beds but slept in separate rooms. QuakersShow MoreRelatedNorth Carolin The Legacy Of The English1875 Words   |  8 PagesIn 1792, the state legislature had to decide where to place the state capitol. The capitol was created as a planned capital city. As a nod to the state’s early history, the capital was named Raleigh after Sir Walter Raleigh in deference to his original plan t o build a â€Å"Cittie of Raleigh† in his first colony. (Powell, 1989, p. 212). The most obvious influence of English settlement in North Carolina is the legacy of the English language, the English system of weights and measures, which ironicallyRead MoreEssay about Appalachia Culture1522 Words   |  7 Pagesbypassed and forgotten for so long. 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Motivation in the Business World - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 13 Words: 3923 Downloads: 1 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Business Essay Type Analytical essay Did you like this example? Motivation is the factors that determine the grounds for engagement in a particular behavior by a person or persons. It attached with the beginning, route, the level of involvement and the sustaining at a particular level of behavior of a person. The grounds for a particular behavior may include the determinants which are varying from basic human needs to higher level of social needs. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Motivation in the Business World" essay for you Create order Motivation can be reflected through the energy and commitment of the individual or group to perform a certain task or tasks (Joseph 1989). The employee motivation is a crucial factor for every business at a same or sometimes at a higher level with compared to other businesses. It affects the every aspects of the business. The basic level of the motivation is reflected by the hard working work force. At this stage the productivity will be high and hence the cost of labor per unit will be reduced. However the mere improvements in productivity will not be the single factor that a firm can achieve by motivating its workforce. Motivated employees are performing to a high standard level of performance where favorable impacts over the customer satisfaction and the shareholder value can be gained. The motivated employees are less likely to engage in industrial actions or such other violence actions against the company. The employee conflicts and grievances may lower. Further the motivated employees would work effectively under minimum supervision. They will be enthusiastically learning new things relating to their jobs that would enhance the quality of performance. Building or creating motivated employee force is a difficult task by which a high amount of effort and money are absorbed. More importantly the culture, leadership style and the management style affect the employee motivation. Therefore the motivated employee force is becoming a competitive source to the company. There are various theories that are built regarding employee motivation. Various philosophers have presented various models on employee motivation. Their efforts and numerous case studies on this topic show the importance of the subject matter to the todays business context. This assignment will present an introduction of those theories and the practice of those theories in the todays business environment with relevant case studies. Motivation Theories There are several theories of motivation of various philosophers such as Abraham Maslows Hierarchy of Needs Theory, Herzbergs Two Factor Theory, Douglas McGregors Theory X and Theory Y, Kurt Lewins Force Field Theory, Victor Vrooms Expectancy Theory, F.W. Taylors Scientific Management, etc. At lower levels of the Maslows hierarchy of Needs theory the monetary benefits are considered to be the motivation factor. At the higher level of the hierarchy factors such as social respect, recognition, sense of belonging and empowerment are powerful than the monetary factor of motivation. Accordingly Maslow suggested that the money is a lowest important factor as a motivator of employees. McGregor has included money in his Theory X category and explained it as a poor motivator and in theory Y category he has placed social recognition and praise suggesting that they are strong motivators other than money. This section of the assignment will present explanations of those important theories o f motivation before understand the practical usage of those theories to generate a motivated workforce (Werther and Davis 1985). Maslows Hierarchy of Needs Theory This theory composed of two parts; classification of human needs and relating classes to each other. The classes of needs are as follows. The theory explains the order of the fulfilling needs as follows. Person begin from the bottom line of the hierarchy and will try to satisfy the very basic physical needs of hunger, thirsty, shelter, etc. When he has satisfied these needs then they are not motivators further. Hence he moves upward of the hierarchy. Then the person would seek for the safety at work, job security, etc to ensure his survival at workplace. Having ensured that he is safe his curiosity then will search for social needs such as belongingness, love, friendships, etc. the person would seek for colleagues to work with, share information, team work, communication, etc. Then the esteem needs will come forward. This is the need for being praised, given recognition or evaluation for a job well-done. The people normally seek for respect of others while sharing th e happy and sorrow. Self-actualization is the way a person perceives himself. It measured by the extent of success and the amount of challenge of work. There are several problems attached with this model where as it has greater potential to appeal in the business world such as, It is no clear when would be a certain level is considered as satisfied Individuals may respond differently regarding the same need Sometimes individual behavior reflects the reaction for more than one need Model has ignored several conditions such as bearing a low-pay by an employee expecting future benefits Some critics argue that this model explain the behavior of middle-class workers in UK and USA (Forshaw and Korn 2010) Herzbergs Two Factor Theory This is a content theory of motivation whereas the main theory is the Maslow Hierarchy of Needs. Herzberg carried out a research utilizing 200 engineers and accountants. They were asked to memorize the situations when that they felt positive or negative feelings at their job and the reasons there of. According to his findings he presented a two-steps approach to understand employee motivation and satisfaction which are called as Hygiene factors and Motivator factors. There are several factors that can be used to eliminate the unpleasant working conditions at work. These fcators are called a Hygeine factors. These factors may include one or all of the following factors. Working conditions Company policies Administration Quality and the way of supervision Eetent of inter-personal relationships Salaries, wages and other financial benefits The job security The individuals need for personal growth determines the motivaor factors of the particular person. Motivator factors actively create job satisfaction when they exist. If those factors are effective then the individuals performance would be of above-average. The motivator factors may, Opportunity for growth in the job Entrusted responsibility Social status Recognition among others Challenging work Sense of achievement (Stephen 2002) Herzberg model more identical to the Maslows theory yet it focus specially on the higher levels of the hierarchy of needs. The factors in the lower level of the hierarchy are considered as generating dissatisfaction only when they are not met with. Motivator factors are specific to the job itself such as how interesting the work is and how much of responsibility whether it assumes. The hygiene factors are considering the factors that are related to the environment of the job such as the safety working environment and the resources to complete the job assigned. These factors facilitate or able the employees to perform the job rather motivate to do the job with an extra effort and interest. Herzberg identified pay as a Hygiene factor. According to his theory the businesses are required to adopt the democratic approaches to motivate employees. These approaches may include one or more of the followings. Job Enlargement: Employees are given a range of tasks that are in various areas of the business or fields. However these tasks must not assume much responsibility if so the motivation to the tasks would less. Job Enrichment: this assigns the employees with more complex tasks which are attached with the completion of full work unit. The tasks will be of more challenging and interesting. And at the end the employee will feel a sense of achievement. Employee Empowerment: Here the employees are delegated with more power to make decisions on the areas attached to their jobs. The responsibility of the decisions made also to be held by them. (Musselwhite 2004) F.W. Taylors Scientific Management Taylor has formed several assumptions about the human behavior at work base on observations of the research he carried out participating US steelworkers. Man is a rational economic animal who concerned with maximizing his economic growth. People respond as individuals and not as groups. People can be treated as standardized machines Taylor simply described that the motivation factor of people at work is money. He suggested that the pay based on the rates produced by an each worker will induce him to produce more and more to earn more. Further the employees who do not achieve target of a daily production should be paid less in order to induce them to meet daily target. And the employees who exceed the target production should be paid more to induce them to keep that productivity and to motivate others. Accordingly managers job is to tell the employees what to do and the employees target is to complete that and to be paid according to their production (Tripathi 1991) W hen presenting this theory Taylor has ignored that there are many individual differences which would affect the motivator factors of the employees. However his methods were highly implemented by the business world which experienced a higher productivity and lower unit cost. It also gave the beginning kick to the mass production. Workers were unhappy with the Taylors methods since it assigned them with boring, repetitive work that required them to effort greatly to maximize the earnings. The employees were treated as machines and business people redounded employees as the productivity grew. These situations lead many industrial disputes and industrial actions by the workers (Mathis and Jackson 2000). This model is closely related with the autocratic leadership style. Douglas McGregors Theory X and Theory Y This theory presents two extremes of the behavior of people at work as theory X and theory Y. No individual would be necessarily categorized into one category but the whole behaviors will be in between the ends of X and Y. The characteristics of the two categories are as follows. Theory X Workers Theory Y Workers Dislike Work and avoid working as much as possible Who are lackof ambition Willing to be led by someone else than taking risk Highly seek for security and self-survival Managers will have to impose a management system of coercion, control and punishment to achieve the business objectives through such employees Highly interested in working and enjoy it Interested in taking risks and responsibilities Like to try new things and take challenges Work is considered as a source of satisfaction or punishment depending on the working conditions The management would face a challenge of creating a working environment that enable these employees to show their creativity and responsibility Elton Mayo Mayo suggested that employees are not mere considering the money and can be better motivated by giving them the opportunity to meet the social needs of the individuals. This is the Human Relationship Scholl of thought by which the managers are focused on considering more about the peoples relationship aspect understanding the how workers enjoy interactions. Mayos theory based on the extended research carried out in the Hawthorne factory of the Western Electric Company in Chicago. From that research Mayo came into conclusion that employees can be better motivated by; Effective communication among managers and workers Greater manager involvement in employees working life Working in groups or teams Accordingly it is suggested that the greater use of team work, high involvement of managers in the workers working life, and encouraged two way communication would be benefiting the companies. The Mayos theory is more closely running with the paternalistic management style. ( www.selfgrowth.com/articles/Definition_Employee_Motivation.html(Accessed on 03/05/2011) Role of Other Factors It is highly considered that the way of motivating employees is the financial rewards. However there are many other aspects of the scenario that would be considered by the managers and executives to motivate their subordinates. The factors would be different on the individual basis which will need to put more effort into their work. Such factors may include followings. Organization Culture The organizational culture has a direct relationship with the employees performance and level of motivation. If the elements of the culture fit with individuals background, values, beliefs, norms and expectations then the employees are automatically willing to work in the organization. If the corporate culture is built on the teamwork, encouragement, collaboration, evaluation, then the employees is likely to be motivated to put more efforts to bring the organizational objectives accomplished. More often employees seek for their leaders direction and support, and at the same time they look for the collaboration of teammates and co-workers (Werther, Davis, Shwind, Das and Miner 1985). Relationship with Leaders The leadership style can be significantly influence the motivation of employees. The qualities of the leader will determine the extent to which the e employees are contributed to the organization. If the leader is unfair, do not provide clear instructions, and negatively look at the things then the employees will lose their desire to work hard to accomplish the goals. The organizations leaders must communicate with its employees openly so that the employees are clear about the things that they are required to do. (Source: https://tutor2u.net.business/people/motivation, (Accessed on 01/05/2011) Management Style The organizational culture, the situation and the expectations and personality of the subordinates will determine the suitable style of a manager. The characteristics of the managers style would be of no fit with the changes in the organization and the cultural changes accompanied by that change. As an example in past the authoritarian style of the managers was appreciated with the bureaucratic organizations, but today the interest is more focused on participative or empowered managers who admire the democratic policies of management. Many of the management theories are supporting the that sort of management styles such as Total Quality Management, Management by Objective, employee empowerment, self-managed work teams, etc. A comprehensive review of the management styles and their contribution to motivated work force will be presented below. Management Style Description Contribution to Motivated Work Force Participative Management Share information with employees and participate them in the decision making process Employees are entrusted with the responsibility of running their own departments and determine the appropriate policies and procedures Not suitable to adapted by every organizations and at every levels This is a remedy to the poor morale and low productivity that gain the results very soon to the organization Redistributed power will enhance the willingness to work If the culture supports and if the employees are competent enough then the participation will result in effective decisions and productive operations. Giving the employees recognition as they are important as the mangers and the stakeholders will satisfy their esteem needs. Theory X and Theory Y These theories are based on several assumptions. It explains two extremes of the involvement and utilizing efforts and energy to accomplish tasks by the employees Theory X explains the negative side of the performance and theory Y represents the positive side of the performance Considering the poor performance as the total fault of the employee by Theory X and therefore employees are motivated by the extrinsic rewards such as money, promotion, appraises, etc. The low productivity is considered as the fault of the management. Theory Z It represents the good characteristics of the both Japanese management and the Western management styles. The theory has combined those features of the management at every level of the organizations. The characteristics of this theory included long-term employment, less specialized career path, group decision making, informal control, etc. Concerns the all levels of needs of the employees. Concerning the employee well-being satisfies the physical and security needs of the employees. Team work and group decision making satisfy the social needs Encouragement to take risks and responsibilities will satisfy the higher level of needs such as self-esteem and self-actualization Management By Walking Around Managers can gather as much as possible information regarding the policies, procedures, employee matters, and other work related information Manager can maintain proper relationship with employees so that he would be considered as a counselor or advisor by the employees Leaving decision making responsibility with the employees will achieve the fastest response time Close relationship with manager will let the employees to present their suggestions, complaints and grievances as soon as they occur Self-Managed Work Teams This is a derivation of the employee empowerment The teams will comprise of about 10-15 employees who require minimum supervision Delegates the authority to decide on simple work related aspects such as how to spend money, what work to undertaken, etc Total Quality Management The all functions of the management are integrated to achieve a high quality product Quality is the responsibility of all employees and teamwork The customer satisfaction is highly recognized Recognition is given from CEO to lower level employees to maintain quality Shared commitment to achieve the organizational objectives Encourages employees to grow, learn and participate in the business operations actively Encourages the continuing change and adaptation to the changing environment Management by objective Employees are participated in the establishing goals and objectives Overall organizational objectives are converted into employee objectives Steps are setting goals, participative decision making, implementing plans and performance feedback High involvement of the employees in decision making and goal setting related to their jobs Managers are empowered to implement, control their plans and performance. This motivate the managers to work hard for the company Periodical review of the employees performance will give the employees a sense of completion and will let them know what the areas to be improved more are. This will induce them to take more efforts to achieve the goals established with their participation Employee Empowerment The organization structures are change and the decision making is lapsed with the lowest levels of the organization The objectives of the empowerment is to speed up the decision making and giving solutions to problems regarding the business operations, give employees the opportunity to grow, and to lower organizational cost to managers by assigning them to various other projects Employees will be trained to take high responsibilities and make more accurate, effective decisions quickly A sense of belongingness of the work they are engaged in will generate within the employees They think that the company is their own one and work hard to attain day-to-day work successfully www.ehow.com/about 5387352 definition-employee-motivation.html, (Accessed on 02/05/2011) The managers are obliged to select the suitable style for managing their subordinates and work which is suited to them, their subordinated personalities and general characteristics, the department they are ass igned with and in general to the whole organizational setting and its culture. Management style highly correlated with the level of performance of the employees and outcome of the operations under their control. Managers must be delegated with the certain amount of authority and then their role becomes a nature of a leader. Then he must use suitable leadership traits to motivate and direct their subordinates to achieve the departmental/organizational objectives or outcome (Mathis and Jackson 2000). Reward System A properly designed reward system must be there in the organization by which the employees can attain such benefits. Employees must have the confidence that they can be rewarded with established performance criteria of the job. Further the rewards must be fairly distributed so that the employees can clearly identified that there is no any discrepancy over them. If the rewards are based on the performance evaluation procedure then all processes may transparent and the employees must clearly see that the evaluations are put on regularly and fairly (Joseph 1989) Job Title The job title will give the respective employee an idea about his role within the company, the extent to which he can contribute the accomplishment of organizational objectives. When the employees are aware about their importance to the organization they are automatically motivated to work hard to make their job effective (Deming 1986) Monetary Benefits Whether the money is being derecognized as a positive motivator it has proven to be more effective in practice. Selecting the right remuneration package for the employees is a challenge for nowadays. A number of ways are in use to motivate employees over their work such as; Time-rate pay Peace-rate pay Performance related pay Shares and share options Bonuses Commissions Pension There are several aspects of money to be an important motivator such as; Pay helps to satisfy many other needs of person such as esteem needs, safety needs, etc It is an important cost to the company It helps to attract competent employees It helps to retain skilled and competent employees It is subjected to various legislations such as National Minimum Wage (Cherrington 1994) Motivation in Practice Case Examples The Tesco Plc The UK giant retailer, Tesco Plc has provided its large workforce to join the company as prospective shareholders. Staff is enabled to be a part of the Tescos profit by share allocation based on their performance. The number of shares allocated to each employee is determined by the number of days worked in an each period. The Department of Education The UK Departmental Education Sector is in the view that the teachers pay must be linked to their performance. In 2002 the British government introduces a performance based bonus scheme to give rise to the teachers pay and to retain the existing staff and to attract new staff to the teaching sector. Nuclear Decommissioning Authority The NDA has utilized many theoretical perspectives of the employee motivation to motivate its employees. The NDA Way shows that several phenomena which is based on the fulfillment of Maslows Hierarchy of Needs as follows. Always acting safely and responsibly Building talent and teams Challenging themselves Learning from experience Being open and transparent Confronting problems Delivering whet they promised The NDA implemented the strategies like job enrichment, job enlargement, and job rotation, empowerment to effectively affect the employees motivation to carry out the organizational objectives effectively and efficiently. Its focus was to ensure that the employees are acquiring a range of skills and proficiency making the work is more interesting and challenging. Further the company introduced the flexibility into the workforce. The NDA involved in wide range of projects which are each project is of a unique challenge. Hence the authority required peop le with flexible people to work in teams and willing to learn continually and to take responsibility. Their team work and relationships were based on the Mayos Human Relations School of motivation. The NDA build relationships on a win-win basis. The staff encouraged to build necessary skills and competencies to adapt the variety of the work involved by the authority. The employees are delegated with Personal Development plans with SMART objectives and provide the path to professional development as well. Conclusion Motivation is crucial factor of the success of the organization these days. There are various theories have been presented by various philosophers regarding the motivation of employees. Management, leadership, and organizational culture are key determinants among the factors affecting employee motivation. Every job has the probability of motivation or demotivation the employee. Motivation affects the every aspects of the business and strongly affects the level of productivity. Whether some philosophers have considered money as a low motivator it has a high influence of persons life and hence still it is valid as motivator. The reward system, job title, periodical performance reviews can also be considered as motivators. Many organizations have adapted the teachings of theories like Mayo, McGregor to create a motivated employee force. A motivated employee force would benefit the company by lowering the unit cost, high productivity, maintaining quality, etc. the motivation is s imply the work harder to accomplish the organizational goals effectively and efficiently by its workforce. Only a motivated workforce will be able to bring the organization to a successful position in the todays dynamic competitive market environment.

Management on Middle Adulthood Free Essays

Middle adulthood begins at the age of 40 – 60. This is a time when you can†t believe where the time went. It seems like just yesterday you were graduating from college, got married, and had children. We will write a custom essay sample on Management on Middle Adulthood or any similar topic only for you Order Now Your children are now approaching young adulthood, pushing you into the next stage of life, middle adulthood. You look in the mirror and all the signs of middle age are starting to set in. You notice wrinkles, gray hair, flabby skin and you†re having trouble reading the menu. You begin to reassess you life. Are you happy with what you have accomplished in life so far? Do you have good family relationships? Is your career on track? Are you happy with yourself? There are many conflicts with both men and women during this period of life. One conflict very important to both men and women is the bodily issue. Our body weight starts to change. Fat seems to be redistributed to the hips, stomach and trunk; our complexions become drier and wrinkles start to appear. Our skin doesn†t seem to be as resilient as it was in our 20†³s and 30†³s. In women there is a drop in bone mass, due to the slow depletion of estrogen. Menopause is fast approaching, followed up with all the negative health complications that follow this phase. This is the beginning of a slowness of our psychomotor performance. Our reaction time to specific situations is not as quick, and our physical stamina is not as strong as it used to be. All these developments affect how men and women feel about themselves. Particularly women, begin to interpret these changes in a negative way. Some view themselves as sexually unattractive. Men, on the other hand, don†t seem to be as concerned about their physical appearance, since society has placed much of the physical importance on the women. This is a time where we need to accept these failings and move towards more important issues. This is also a time when men and women become more health conscious. We all know of the major diseases that cause premature deaths during middle adulthood, such as cancer and heart disease. When you†re a young adult, you don†t think about these health issues as you would during middle adulthood. There is more of a concern to take better care of our health, such as heathy diets, cardiovascular activity, resistance training, and not smoking. We might be better prepared for later adulthood, if we lead a healthy lifestyle. We start to realize our mortality. As most people live to be about 85, we realize that at 40, we†re almost half-way there. During this time, there may be turmoil in the family, marital distress, and general dissatisfaction with our lives. Many people during this time go through what we call the â€Å"mid-life crisis†. A mid-life crisis may be caused by many different issues. During the early 30†³s, the woman†s primary duty is child rearing and may also be pursuing a career. Most men focus on their job careers. Sometimes these two people are heading in the same direction, but may be on two different parallel roads. Men may realize their mortality and may express their turmoil and self doubts by reverting to adolescent type behavior. Some men may accept new relations with younger women as a way of dealing with their conflicts. Some women may also suffer from self doubt and their inevitable mortality during their 40†³s, but various studies have indicated that women can manifest a mid-life crisis during their early 30†³s, 40†³s and 60†³s. This is also a time when men and women assess their careers by questioning whether or not they still enjoy their career choices and their achievement in the chosen field. If not, maybe it†s time to make improvements, such as furthering your education, improving intellectually, which will make an individual more marketable. When women go through a mid-life crisis, their crisis evolves around interpersonal relationships in the family rather than aging. Men seem to be more involved with the aging factor. Women may go through the ’empty nest† syndrome. Their children are becoming young adults and leaving the ‘nest†. For some women, that have devoted most of their time to child rearing with a small amount devoted to career, this may be a very difficult time. This leaves just you and your husband. A time for reacquaintance and renewal of your relationship. As we progress into the 40†³s. we also see an emergence of more feminine/masculine aspects of self. Women start to take on a more masculine qualities, such as assertiveness and independence; while men tend to move towards a more calm, intimate status. I have touched upon some of the major conflicts of middle adulthood. For most people this can be a smooth transition and for others there may be difficulties. I believe that the 40†³s – 60†³s is a time to reassess your life, to check and balance, and to go forward to one†s later adulthood. How to cite Management on Middle Adulthood, Essay examples

To Become a Great Trainer free essay sample

How to Become a Great Trainer It is well known that presenting is different from training. A good trainer focuses on delegates and his intention is to transfer a set of skills to them. In contrast a presenter is interested to report what has already been accomplished for the benefit of the audience. Although they are both public speakers, their roles are fundamentally different. A good trainer should put the delegates at the centre of the learning process and continuously use novel interactive high retention methods to make sure the delegates learn the new skills and remember them well after the course is finished. How exactly can a trainer achieve this? The following is a number of core principles a good trainer should follow to get quality results from the training he provides. Learn Every Ones Name and Use it. One fun way to do this is to ask participants to ask the person on their right the following two questions: 1. We will write a custom essay sample on To Become a Great Trainer or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page What is your first name? 2. In a movie about your life, which Hollywood actor or actress should play you? Then ask the participants to introduce the person on their right with their first name and the Hollywood name. This exercise is a good ice breaker and also helps you to remember names more easily by association. Teach with Examples. There is nothing like a good story to help people remember a principle or technique. Use stories from famous people and their experiences as your examples. Have at least two sets of different examples for each concept. Look animated and enthusiastic when telling the story and use participants questions and expressions to improve your examples and the way you communicate with them. Make it Fun. Studies from the University of New Hampshire have shown that humour has a positive impact on a variety of processes including communication, development of goals and emotional management. These result in increased productivity, viability and personal development. Light hearted humour and some spontaneous interactions with delegates can increase participants’ interests and attention in the subject and therefore boost learning. Ask Effective Questions. Asking the right questions is essential when it comes to information exchange which is exactly what we do in a training session. Trainers obtain some information from delegates by questioning and give some information back in the form of techniques, principals and concepts. There are many different types of questioning techniques that can be used but one of the most effective ones which can be applied to almost any situation is Kipling’s questions: â€Å"I keep six honest serving men (They taught me all I knew); Their names are What and Why and When and How and Where and Who† Get Feedback. At the end of the session ask every delegate these two questions: 1. Which part of the session did you find most useful? 2. How would you apply this technique/method/principle to your life? Asking specific questions helps delegates to recap the course in a few seconds and think about the application of the materials in their professional and personal life. Offer half day follow up courses after three month. Follow up courses enable participants to examine their learning and discoveries and get a chance to put the techniques and methods suggested in the course into practice. Be prepared for questions and suggestions. This is also an ideal time to collect valuable feedback to improve your course for future.

The Caste War of Yucatan

The Caste War of Yucatan commenced after the Maya people revolted against the economic and political dominance of the Yucatecos. The war lasted from 1847 to 1901and resulted in numerous deaths and massive destruction of property (Reed 18).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Caste War of Yucatan specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The caste system that was operational during the colonial times was a major factor that resulted in the war. The system encouraged the division of its people into social classes that encouraged social discrimination. The elite class exploited poor people. This type of division is evident in modern society. The Maya people tolerated exploitation for a very long time because they lacked leaders who could lead them against the colonial powers. The weaknesses exhibited by modern governments were present in Yucatan. For instance, after independence, the people had great hope of emancipation fro m slavery and oppression. However, the hope of equality was thwarted because the Creoles replaced the Spaniards as the rulers. One of the reasons why societies prosper is even distribution of political power and economic resources. This was lacking in the Yucatecan government. It can be argued that the Maya people were right to engage the Yucatecos in war because of the ills they were subjected to. Denial of their human rights, encroachment of their communal land, and coercion to work under poor conditions were good enough reasons for a revolt. The war also exposed the relevance of religion and traditional beliefs to different communities. The Maya were angered after sacred forests were encroached too. The Maya considered forests as sacred and the abode of their gods (Reed 21). In modern society, religious intolerance is a major cause of war between countries and communities. The Yucatecan government was an example of a dictatorial regime that does not respect human rights. It faile d to honor its promises to the people and imposed its policies on them. It facilitated the oppression of the poor by the wealthy.Advertising Looking for essay on history? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The Caste War of Yucatan is an example of the severe consequences that emanate from poor leadership and governance. Any dictatorial authority disintegrates when people become tired of oppression and exploitation. The war is an example of the negative effects of people’s oppression by a dictatorial regime. One of the reasons why the war lasted for a long time was lack of strong leaders who could lead the Maya against the colonialists. In addition, lack of cooperation and understanding contributed to massive deaths that made the war bloody. The war marked a special period for the Maya people because it resulted in independence from the Yucatecos (Reed 24). They were able to reclaim their stolen land and improve the quality of their lives by controlling resources. The involvement of outside influences such as the United Kingdom made it difficult to resolve the war. The war ended in 1915 after the reforms that initiated the revolt were abolished (Reed 28). Reforms are one of the ways that can be used to resolve conflicts and disagreements. The Caste War was blood and destructive. However, it was the only avenue through which the Maya people could reclaim their land and control. The war was inevitable because the colonizers were unwilling to relinquish power to the natives. The struggle and revolt were worth it because the colonizers had exploited them so much that they had become powerless, hopeless, and helpless. The war had far-reaching consequences that affected the Maya people significantly. Property was destroyed and numerous people were murdered. The effects of the war are still evident today from numerous ravaged landscapes and buildings that are seen in Mexico. Even though the war had severe co nsequences on natives, it allowed them to get emancipation from colonial rule. Works Cited Reed, Nelson. The Caste War of Yucatan. New York: Stanford University Press, 2001.  Print.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Caste War of Yucatan specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This essay on The Caste War of Yucatan was written and submitted by user Natasha M. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Solutions, Suspensions, Colloids, and Dispersions

Solutions, Suspensions, Colloids, and Dispersions Solutions, suspensions, colloids, and other dispersions are similar but have characteristics that set each one apart from the others. Solutions A solution is a homogeneous mixture of two or more components. The dissolving agent is the solvent. The substance that  is dissolved is the solute. The components of a solution are atoms, ions, or molecules, making  them 10-9 m or smaller in diameter. Example: Sugar and water Suspensions The particles in suspensions are larger than those found in solutions. Components of a suspension can be evenly distributed by mechanical means, like by shaking the contents but the components will eventually settle out. Example: Oil and water Colloids Particles intermediate in size between those found in solutions and suspensions can be mixed in such a way that they remain evenly distributed without settling out. These particles range in size from 10-8 to 10-6 m in size and are termed colloidal particles or colloids. The mixture they form is called a colloidal dispersion. A colloidal dispersion consists of colloids in a dispersing medium. Example: Milk Other Dispersions Liquids, solids, and gasses all may be mixed to form colloidal dispersions. Aerosols: Solid or liquid particles in a gasExamples: Smoke is solid in a gas. Fog is a liquid in a gas. Sols: Solid particles in a liquidExample: Milk of Magnesia is a sol with solid magnesium hydroxide in water. Emulsions: Liquid particles in a liquidExample: Mayonnaise is oil in water. Gels: Liquids in solidExamples: Gelatin is protein in water. Quicksand is sand in water. Telling Them Apart You can tell suspensions from colloids and solutions because the components of suspensions will eventually separate. Colloids can be distinguished from solutions using the Tyndall effect. A beam of light passing through a true solution, such as air, is not visible. Light passing through a colloidal dispersion, such as smoky or foggy air, will be reflected by the larger particles and the light beam will be visible.

Online Business of Vibe T-shirt Would Be Remunerative and Profitable Essay

Online Business of Vibe T-shirt Would Be Remunerative and Profitable - Essay Example The business of online T-shirts by the brand name of Vibes has been set up with an appropriate forecast according to the plan. The Vibe T-shirts would be sold through the online website of the company. The customers would be able to purchase the T-shirts with visiting the physical store and taking advantage of virtual shopping mode. There are various payment options for the customer as they offered credits for 30 days and 60 days for online purchase. The online marketing and selling of T-shirts of Vibe brand are considered to be highly competitive as e-commerce has emerged to be a recent trend with various companies investing in an online commodity business. The detailed forecast of the business in terms of the initial capital available, cash budget, the forecast of the income statement and financial position of the business has been given below.   The business has paid due consideration in pricing the Vibe T-shirts so that it is affordable to a wide range of customers. The pricing strategy of Vibe T-shirts has been designed in order to meet the mission and vision of the business which is to connect to people of different cultures all over the globe. Vibe T-shirts business envisages emerging as the most desired T-shirt brand through the virtual model of e-commerce. The pricing has also been fixed taking into consideration the expenses incurred for procuring the raw materials, wages, general selling and administrative costs. The price of each Vibe T-shirt has been fixed at 25-pound sterling which is expected to drive in the forecasted revenue and the profits to reach the break-even point within a short period of time.  The cash budget for the business of Vibe T-shirt has been computed as given in the excel calculations. The cash budget has provided an indication of the amount of cash deficit or surplus that would occur from the online selling of Vibe T-shirt.  

Why should get a good grade A Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Why should get a good grade A - Essay Example So it is an important decision when a teacher gives a grade to a student. How can you as a teacher know when a student deserves an A Fortunately, you can look to my personal performance over the past semester to see what must be done to earn an A. I deserve the top mark because of my strong work ethic, my steady improvement, and my knowledge of the writing forms featured through our class. My strong work ethic has served me well in this class and supports that I should get an A. Even though English is my second language, I have shown my best effort in my performances. I realize that hearing the teacher in class and working with my peers are excellent ways to improve, so I have been to every class. Sometimes it is easy for students to convince themselves they need to miss a class to work on a project or paper, but I am careful to plan my time so that I can complete my assignments and attend all classes, too. I know that I need to put in time and quality practice to improve my writing, and I am willing to do it because it will give me big benefits in the future. In addition to my strong work ethic, another reason to award me an A is my steady improvement throughout the semester. By making such a steady effort, I have learned much more about writing as a process. Now I know that even good writers practice, make mistakes, and even look back at old pieces and find things they would now like to change.

Essay on Fundamental Rights and Duties

Essay on Fundamental Rights and Duties Rights and duties play an important part in the development of a nation or the growth of an organization. Rights on the one hand give an individual an opportunity to be a part of development process while duties on the other hand make an individual obliged to play a part in the development. As a citizen of a democratic country we all are privileged to have some fundamental rights. But, apart from these rights we also have fundamental duties which we rarely talk about. Moreover responsible citizenship is not just about enjoying the fundamental rights and performing the fundamental duties mentioned in our constitution but it is about going beyond those duties. We always harp on our rights where ever we can and neglect the duties we generally have. As a citizen of our country we enjoy the rights of a privileged citizen and often we complain of the governments inability to provide services. Similarly in an organization, as an employee or a student in an institute we complain about the inadequacies of the system. But when it comes to our duty for the nation or institute, most of the times we are not aware at all. For instance as a responsible citizen, we have the duty of protecting the public properties, which we do not hesitate to destroy while protesting or demanding our rights. Destroying street lamps, burning tyres and vehicles, disrupting traffic are the common phenomena seen at the protest sites. Do we really need to do this? Have we ever realized the losses we cause to our country or organization in this manner? Do we ponder for a moment, how much effort it takes to build those structures? As countrymen we also have a duty to be patriotic towards the country and be humanitarian towards our country men. We also have a social responsibility as a good citizen. But do we perform all these duties? The answer is either a clear No, or partial Yes. We do not pay taxes in time and some of us also try to avoid taxes by questioning its worthiness while being more selfish. We expect government to do everything, without us contributing anything. Most of the unpaid electricity and telephone bills even by people who can well afford to pay those few bucks are a bit astonishing. When we feel our values to be endangered we draw in the attention by retaliating in a particular way. Take for instance, the case of attack on the girls in a pub in Bangalore by some self proclaimed flag bearers of Indian culture who thought that their (girls) presence in the pub was against the Indian culture. But they forgot that women have always been regarded and have a special place in Indian society and u sing force against them is not encouraged in Indian traditional culture. Respecting elders, honesty, veracity, non violence are some of the values of Indian Culture and these as such becomes a duty on the part of us to follow them if we really are conscious of our right to protect the Indian culture. The incident mentioned above just shows how careful we are about our rights and not our duties. The topic is basically about being a responsible citizen; its about deserving first and demanding later. The selection of this topic is slightly influenced by the speech made by our former president Mr. Abdul Kalam Azad YOU say that our government is inefficient. YOU say that our laws are too old. YOU say that the municipality does not pick up the garbage. YOU say that the phones dont work, the railways are a joke, the airline is the worst in the world, mails never reach their destination. YOU say that our country has been fed to the dogs and is the absolute pits. YOU say, say and say. What do YOU do about it? Take a person on his way to Singapore. Give him a name YOURS. Give him a face YOURS. YOU walk out of the airport and you are at your International best. In Singapore you dont throw cigarette butts on the roads or eat in the stores. YOU are as proud of their Underground Links as they are. You pay $5 (approx. Rs. 60) to drive through Orchard Road (equivalent of Mahim Causeway or Pedder Road) between5 PM and 8 PM. YOU comeback to the parking lot to punch your parking ticket if you have over stayed in a restaurant or a shopping mall irrespective of your status identity. In Singapore you dont say anything, DO YOU? YOU wouldnt dare to eat in public during Ramadan, in Dubai. .. YOU would not dare to speed beyond 55 mph (88 kph) in Washington and then tell the traffic cop, Jaanta hai sala main kaun hoon (Do you know who I am?). I am so and sos son. Take your two bucks and get lost. YOU wouldnt chuck an empty coconut shell anywhere other than the garbage pail on the beaches in Australia and New Zealand. Why dont YOU spit Paan on the streets of Tokyo? Why dont YOU use examination jockeys or buy fake certificates in Boston? We are still talking of the same YOU. YOU who can respect and conform to a foreign system in other countries but cannot in your own. You who will throw papers and cigarettes on the road the moment you touch Indian ground. If you can be an involved and appreciative citizen in an ali en country why cannot you be the same here in India So lets put a full stop in complaining about the system. This system is created by us what and we are the system. Lets look at what that can be done by us and what not. Everyone has a duty to be a responsible citizen. But unfortunately, not everyone takes this responsibility seriously. There are plenty of people the world over who do not know what being a responsible citizen means and they are the people who destroy our communities. For being a responsible citizen results in a happy and harmonious community if everyone else does the same. 2. Responsible Citizen Being a responsible citizen covers many areas some of them legal obligations, some social and some moral. So of course, because not all of them are legal obligations, being a responsible citizen is not as easy as staying within the law. In fact, to be a truly responsible citizen, we sometimes must go out of our way to do things which help our society give a little of our time and effort for the greater good. 2.1 Legal Obligations No one can be a responsible citizen without staying within the law. It is as simple as that. Criminals, by their very nature, are not behaving as responsible citizens. Laws exist to protect citizens, the communities they live in and their property. So to be a responsible citizen, we must respect these laws and abide by them. Harming others or others property does not equate to being a good citizen. 2.2 Social Obligations Social obligations really form the bulk of being a responsible citizen and what this means. To be a responsible citizen, we should help our communities and those who live in them. So, being a responsible citizen can encompass things such as volunteering. Volunteering, the third sector is worth billions to our economy and even more to those who are helped by volunteering. But in the interests of being a responsible citizen, this could include smaller things too. So, volunteering for the Samaritans is a noble job to do and one which is certainly needed. But the elderly lady who lives alone may need someone to do her shopping and this demonstrates responsible citizenship just as much as volunteering in an organisation. Other social obligations of being a good citizen can include things such as helping local businesses. This may means buying the meat for Sunday dinner from a local butcher rather than a supermarket, or using a small local bookstore rather than the internet. Being a responsible citizen also means being involved in our communities. This may be demonstrated by being on the school parent teacher association or the village hall committee. It may be as simple as attending events organised by these people. 2.3 Moral Obligations Moral obligations of being a responsible citizen are harder to pin down because different people have different moral codes. But one place we can all start is in helping the environment. The environmental problems society is facing are of our own making and we all have a moral obligation to do what we can to change this. So by living as environmentally friendly life as possible, we can help fulfill our moral obligations of being a responsible citizen. Taking recyclables to be recycled and using a compost bin are two easy ways and there are many more. And they can be linked in with other obligations. For example, if you have a compose bin but no plants to use the compost on, you could give it to people who have plants but live alone, making them less likely to generate a huge amount of compost themselves. Being a responsible citizen should not be a hard thing but it should be something which occasionally requires a little extra effort. This is because being a responsible citizen is, at its core, about being a less selfish person, and putting the needs of society before your own needs. It does not means you have to sacrifice all your free time to volunteer or help others, but it does means taking a little time to think about the impact of your actions on others. A NATION IS HELD TOGETHER BY SHARED BELIEFS AND SHARED ATTITUDES. THAT IS WHAT ENABLES THEM TO RISE ABOVE THE CONFLICTS THAT PLAGUE ANY SOCIETY. THAT IS WHAT GIVES A NATION ITS TONE, ITS FIBER,ITS INTEGRITY, ITS MORAL STYLE, ITS CAPACITY TO ENDURE. -JHON GARDNER 3. Beyond Fundamentals: 3.1 Voting: India as we know is one of the youngest country of the world. More than 50% of its total population is between 20 30 age group, so it has immense probabilities of becoming a global powerhouse. As a country of energy, a country of youthfulness as a country of vibrant young engineers, dynamic technocrats, promising scientists, enthusiastic sportspersons, India has become the cynosure of world. But this country of youths has another face as well. Imagine a case where we are sitting in our drawing room and watching the morning news ..the media persons showing some of our well known leaders taking money for supporting other party or for any other malicious reason. The first thing we do is we start blaming our political system, we never think even for a while that have we played any role in strengthening this system? Have we not contributed in establishing this system of power politics? Have we not chosen these cunning politicians? Werent we influenced by the inflammatory speeches that were deliberately made to create some fire? The modern political system is all about power and money. If we see the profile of a recently elected MPs we will find that almost 300 members are billionaires. Do they really represent the India whos 22% of population is still below poverty line? Arent they the product of this power politics? Isnt the modern Indian politics driven by selfishness instead of the interest of social service? Dont we prefer going according our interest in spite of national interest According to a recent survey majority of the Indian youth especially those living in cities dont go for voting. They prefer going to cinema or watching television. instead of going to polling booths. This is certainly not going to change the scenario. If we really want to change the country, If we really want the tradition to change we have to participate in the elections or at least we have to make sure the person we are going to chose as our representative should be a person of will and a person having an intension to work f or the society, for the country. So the youth of the country and the rich class need to show interest in voting and deciding the future of the country. 3.2 Respecting National Emblems Bertrand Russell once said, Love for your country should be of an extreme nature. Modern era is the era of cut throat competition, an era of hectic schedule, a lifestyle of burgers and pizzas, an age of pubs and discos. The young India is lost somewhere in this euphoric illusion. We hardly remember the martyrs, the independence or republic day is like a holiday for us, we dont even bother to stand up in respect of our national anthem. Our national tricolour doesnt make us feel proud any more. We boastfully talk about patriotism but when it comes to show it we deliver a little. Our attitude comes in between !!! The time is to respect the national heritage, the pluralistic culture of our country and more importantly respecting the people of India. 3.3 Cleanliness/Showing Right Attitude We always cry about the prevailing sanitation problems in our cities. The piles of garbage around our houses and for this we doom the municipality, again comes the famous word system that has been saving our faces to be unveiled and have saved us from disgrace. Do we ever think about the way we behave in our daily life? Do we ever evaluate our attitude? Most of us have the habit of spitting on road while walking, putting garbage on roads in stead of dustbins, we spit on the platforms, in the corners of our offices, classrooms, we dont look for a dustbin after having a coffee or after having a chocolate, we scribble on our benches in our classrooms, we make ourselves immortal by writing on our monuments and finally making them dirty and ugly. We go to our pilgrimages with an immense sense of respect and make them dirty with sheer ignorance !! The solution is that we should always try to change our habit in a positive way. Instead of waiting for the municipality to work we should take the responsibility to make our neighborhoods clean. Its all about changing our attitude. As William James has rightly said The greatest discovery of my generation is that human beings can alter their lives by altering their attitude of minds So what if the municipality is not working properly, its our neighborhood and finally its our responsibility. if we become sincere about our duty everything will be fine. A famous quote goes like this. You improve, the world will get improved. So if we want this world around us to improve, if we want the system to be perfect and smooth we have to take the responsibility. 3.4 Following Traffic Rules One of the common instances in our daily life we see or we do as well is that not following the traffic rules. We dont stop for the red lights and when we are caught we try to settle it down by bribing the policeman. If we have been in Germany we would have stopped for the red light even at the mid night. If we follow the rules in Germany cant we do it in our country? We need to respect the signals. If one starts before the green signal, others will automatically follow him, saying no one is following the rules. Why cant we be the one to follow it? We complain that the traffic police always ask for bribe, why do we allow ourselves to be caught in such a scenario (Exceptions apart)? Few easy things that one can follow Stop for Red signal Start only when Green signal is on Using seat belts while driving Parking our cars only in the designated area Not overtaking on bridges or wherever it is mentioned not to. Wear a helmet when we drive a two wheeler. Dont use mobile phone while driving Dont drink and drive(so that you save your life and others life as well) Avoid overloading or riding three persons on bikes 3.5 Pirated CDs and Books We always cry for the prevalent adulteration in the food stuffs and other daily use stuffs, we often complain about the duplicity of the products available in the market. But we hardly bother when it comes to buy a CD cassette or a book and what is the reason? it is cheap in the veil of this statement we hide our crime. Dont we support crime when we go for this kind of shopping? So make sure when you go to buy a CD cassette or a book doesnt buy a pirated one. By this you are contributing in nation building and at the same time you are paralyzing the system of duplicity and cheating and finally you motivate creativity buying a pirated edition of a book is a kind of insult to the author, so make sure we dont insult the creativity when we buy any book next time. 3.6 Respecting Values The one thing every Indian is proud of is Indian culture, Indian values. We boastfully talk about the culture of sacrifice and forgiveness, respecting elders, honesty and truth, non violence etc. we proudly talk about our ethics but sadly gone are the days .we no more respect our so called Indian heritage of honesty and truth and these are being derided in this culture of i-pods and 3g technology the cut throat competition and our willingness to succeed provokes us to use short cuts and we call it smartness so what exactly we need to do? We need to stand firm for a cause; we need to compromise with the compromise this time we need to kill the devil inside that motivates us to use shortcuts for success. As Henry Fielding has rightly said Let no man be sorry he has done well; because others have done evil! If a man has acted right, he has done well, though alone; if wrong the sanction of all mankind will not justify him. 3.7 Corruption and its birth: Now take a glance on our view on Corruption. We might have at some part of time or other complained of corruption all around and talked in great detail in a board room. But in reality do we really fight against this evil in society. Mostly the politicians are blamed for corruption and using unfair advantage of their position. But it is not just the politicians the evil is rooted deeper in the society. A tree cannot nurture without the roots and the roots of this corruption are we the common man. Firstly, we are allowing it to grow. As Edmund Burke says- For evil to flourish, good people have to do nothing and evil shall flourish. Secondly we are ourselves involved in corruption to get an unfair advantage or as a shortcut to our path. For instance, when we are caught for first time in a traffic violation we offer the police person on duty a lesser amount in lieu of a greater official fine according to traffic rules. As responsible citizens, do we not have the right to fight against an d root out corruption? If these politicians are blamed are we not responsible for their election? The question then arises why we elect such people. May be we are not interested in nation building or we might be looking for our narrow minded goals or short term advantages. The leaders if not responsible will lead to failure of the team as whole. So why not be good leaders and enter politics and make a difference in the society? Why not show the way to others. Thomas Carlyle says-Make yourself an honest man and then you may be sure there is one 4. Conclusion: Rights and duties go hand in hand. Before we complain of the inadequacies of the system and claim our rights we must also consider our responsibility and fulfill the duties. As the famous saying goes- Great power brings great responsibilities. Change has to happen but might take some time and we have to wait for it. Change in an organizations or nations culture is a continuous process, it will happen over a period of time and it will take a consistent effort on the part of individuals. Beginning is always tough, we can elaborate it by this example; imagine a case when you are following two way traffic, one fine day this road becomes one way. It will be very difficult to get accustomed to this new change. Later it becomes part of our life; we are not going to think about this option and we become habitual of it. This applies to all these soft duties as well.

Comparison Between E-Business and Traditional Business

INTRODUCTION Electronic Business (E-Business) is a perplexing practice due to the numerous aspects it involves. In today’s rapidly changing environment, organizations adopt E-Business to respond to several business drivers. The progressions of the macro-environments are creating innovative business environments, in which E-Business is considered a normal practice. This paper attempts to model the business environment and evaluate its competitive characteristics by comparing the traditional business with E-Business. Kreplin.K, et al (2000), identified â€Å"Reality† and â€Å"Virtuality† terms; these terms differentiates traditional business from E-Business. According to Kreplin. K, et al (2000), E-Business is based on a virtual (digital) business process with a virtual agent, and virtual product. Traditional Business is a physical business process with respect to the macro-environments. The macro-environment components can influence the way entrepreneurs use the internet to coordinate export businesses. Analysis of the macro-environment comprises of cultural, economic, competition, political and legal factors that affect the way business transactions are made today.CULTURAL CHALLENGES In the cultural dimension, traditional business entrepreneurs will face a major challenge. In this case, infrastructure cost is what worries traditional businesses of today. As opposed to E-businesses, online business transactions incur minimal cost (Robertson. B & Sribar. V, n. d. ). Whereas, traditional businesses will have to incur a significant amount of cost in order to remain competitive in the market. This is due to the fact that there is a paradigm shift towards a more innovative market alongside the consumers.Through the report it is assured that in the long term infrastructure cost will be the key obstacle for traditional entrepreneurs as newer technological innovations take place (Robertson. B & Sribar. V, n. d. ). Opposing to the traditional method of business, E-businesses also have their share of cultural challenges. Firstly, entrepreneurs will experience a change in the nature of workforce (Parreiras. F , n. d. ). According to Heerwagen. J, Kelly. K, Kampschroer. K (2010), the structure of work is now more cognitively complex, team-based, nd time pressured. This movement causes entrepreneurs to be more competitive. Secondly, there is resistance to change when an organization moves towards adopting E-business (Parreiras. F, n. d. ). In a research done by Ahmed. Z and et al. (2006), it was determined that the resistance to change will cripple the organization. Thus, it is important for the entrepreneurs to adapt to rigid cultures. ECONOMIC CHALLENGES In the aspect of economy, the nation’s currency plays a vital role. Thus, it also poses as an obstacle for traditional businesses.In areas of importing and exporting, entrepreneurs need a mutually agreed upon currency (e. g. U. S dollar) due to different payment methods. Furthermore, being sensitive towards exchange rates of currencies is vital as it will affect the buying decisions (Kavas. F, 2011). As compared to E-business transactions, the fluctuation in currency is harder to depict; thus, becoming a challenge for traditional businesses. On the other hand, E-businesses also experiences economic challenges. Firstly, the free entry into the digital market will be a problem for entrepreneurs.As there are minimal barriers to entry, it would mean that E-businesses are operating in a highly competitive market whereby competitive advantage is almost impossible as highlighted by M. Hassan & E. Harris (2007). With this tight competition among entrepreneurs the issue of imitation of products will arise. As described in the related research paper, it was revealed that a massive amount of imitation took place as it was a cost effective method to most entrepreneurs. Therefore, it becomes an obstacle for E-business entrepreneurs. COMPETITIONWhen it comes to t raditional businesses, entrepreneurs will definitely face competition. One major factor that entrepreneurs have to consider while exporting their products is the difference in time zones. An article written by Henricks. M (2006) explains that the time zone differences will cause a lot of difficulty in terms of decision making, planning shipment, organizing logistics and more. As opposed to E-business, E-business have online softwares that enables smooth communication through digital platforms regardless of time zone differences.For E-business entrepreneurs, the first challenge here is the difficulty to obtain capital large enough for any ventures. This includes the research and development needed for the product. In the report â€Å"Managing Worldwide operations & Communications with Information Technology† (2007), it was highlighted that many venture capitalist will incur higher risk with large sums of capital. This is because there is high uncertainty of success for entrepr eneurs to compete in an open market environment. In addition, another factor arises which is also known to be labour market exuberance.This is described as an irrational competition that arose with the increasing need of technical skills (e. g. software programming). Therefore, firms will likely experience a short supply of skilled workers (Wright. P & Lee. D , 2000). POLITICAL & LEGAL CHALLENGES In the area of political and legal, there is a major concern of the country’s policy for traditional businesses. Entrepreneurs need to abide by both the local and the other country’s laws and regulations while selecting to export goods over. This is due to several laws are made according to the country’s culture and beliefs (Kavas.F, 2011). For instance, products that contain pork are restricted in Islamic countries due to their religious beliefs. Apart from that, there is an essential concern of the security and privacy of E-businesses (Parreiras. F, n. d. ). A researc h on â€Å"Security and Trust in E-Business† by Valmurugan,M. S (2009) discussed the unawareness of E-business transactions and the degree of confidentiality of E-business transactions. Without the trust of consumers, entrepreneurs in the E-business line will be facing serious competition to obtain their share of the market.Another major concern is the government regulations. The government needs to play a role to protect the consumers against unfair and deceptive trading especially when it comes to Internet banking (Kay. A, Hafeez. K & Siddiqi. J, n. d. ). Therefore, this would become a small obstacle for E-business entrepreneurs as they need to adhere closely to government policies. CONCLUSION This research paper covered numeral aspects of traditional businesses and E-businesses with respect to the macro-environmental challenges faced by the entrepreneurs.Because we live in a rapid changing environment, businesses will continuously face multiple challenges. The traditional way of business may have been successful in the past, but now is the time for change. E-business enables organizations to reach global markets; thus, crossing borders with less restraint from trade barriers. Evidently illustrated by Fleenor. C & Raven. P (n. d. ), the adoption rate of internet is growing tremendously and that governments of international countries recognises such growth; hence, promoting it as well within their country (e. . E-government). Although there may be areas that E-business is a challenging area to pursue; however, without such obstacles businesses will never revolutionalize. Therefore, it goes to show how businesses have evolved over the decades. Business entrepreneurs need to be more innovative as traditional business will soon be uncompetitive. 1,111 words Reference List Ahmed, Z. et al. (2006)  RESISTANCE TO CHANGE AND ERP IMPLEMENTATION SUCCESS: THE MODERATING ROLE OF CHANGE MANAGEMENT INITIATIVES. [online] Available at: http://web. usm. my/aamj/11. . 2006/AAMJ%2011-2-1. pdf [Accessed: 26/9/2012]. Fleenor,, C. and Raven, P. (n. d. )  Barriers To Effective E-Business In Developing Countries. [online] Available at: http://www. google. com. my/url? sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=2&cad=rja&ved=0CC0QFjAB&url=http%3A%2F%2Fcluteonline. com%2Fjournals%2Findex. php%2FIBER%2Farticle%2Fdownload%2F3912%2F3957&ei=dTRlULXHAcnlrAeTuICgDg&usg=AFQjCNFo3MqMmHHbqbtHGpyGH9MPiLUQhA&sig2=NnGIv4mCofIkSx211W9PVw [Accessed: 28/9/2012]. Hassan, M. and Harris, E. 2009)  Entrepreneurship and innovation in e-commerce  . [online] Available at: http://www. journalamme. org/papers_vol32_1/32114. pdf [Accessed: 25/9/2012]. Heerwagen, J. et al. (2010)  The Changing Nature of Organizations, Work, and Workplace. [online] Available at: http://www. wbdg. org/resources/chngorgwork. php [Accessed: 26/9/2012]. HENRICKS,M . (2006)  How Time Zones Affect Global Businesses. [online] Available at: http://www. entrepreneur. com/article/160228 [Accessed: 28/9/ 2012]. Kay, A. et al. (n. d. )  AN EMPIRICAL STUDY OF THE KEY DRIVERS AND